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Showing posts with label medical. Show all posts
Showing posts with label medical. Show all posts

Wednesday, 15 April 2009

Marele "mimicator"

Aseara, cand sa vad ultimul pacient, intrand in cubicul m-a frapat cat de rau arata (unwell). Un baiat de 6 ani, cunoscut cu hipopituitarism congenital, care lua cortizon, tiroxina si hormon de crestere(GH). Vomitase ieri de vreo 8 ori si fusese vazut dupa-amiaza in A&E si trimis acasa cu diagnosticul de URTI. Parintii ii marisera doza de cortizol (de la 2.5 mg bd la 5 mg qds).
Cand l-am vazut eu arata pamantiu (fusese pus in categoria verde - triaged green). Timplu de reumplere capilara era 6 secunde si el era cam ametit si zicea ca nu simtea bine. Colegul de la medicala a pus repede o canula - super noroc, pt ca pacientul era foarte shut down periferic. I-am dat fluide si hidrocortizon iv (plus albumina si antibiotice) si dupa 10 min era mult mai bine, CRT scazand la 2 sec.
Un CXR a aratat ca avea pneumonie lobara - interesant pt ca nu avea semne ori simptome (nici febra), dar explicabil prin hipopituitarismul lui.

p.s. : a fost externat dupa cateva zile- bine, pe antibiotice si steroizi oral.

Pleoape violete

Foarte interesant caz, un coleg mi-a cerut pararea- o fetita mulatra de 6 ani care sa prezentat cu durere de coate si genunchi si o eruptie. Semnele vitale erau normale. Istoria era ca genunchii si coatele o dureau de vreo 2 luni, dar mai tare in ultimele doua zile, de cand aparuse si eruptia.
La examenul fizic - genunchii erau rosii si inflamati, usor durerosi la palpare; eruptia era pe abdomen mai mult si cate pete pe pulpe - maculara, rozalie, cu marginile bine definite, cu unele leziuni confluente; interesant avea si o coloratie violeta a pleoapelor superioare.
Analizele de sange - hemoleucograma normala, profil biochimic normal, ESR 25 (mare).
Eu am crezut ca este ceva autoimun (gen lupus sau dermatomiozita), din pacate nu au facut nici un test de imunitate (ANAs etc).
Urmeaza sa fie vazuta in clinica in vreo 2 saptamani.

Wednesday, 18 March 2009

Atentia conteaza

Azi am vazut un posibil caz de pemphigoid la o fetita de 13 ani care de 6 luni avea niste leziuni buloase pe diverse parti ale corpului care apareau ca niste pete rosii (asemanatoare cu eczema) care o gadilau si evoluau in bule cu lichid limpede in ele masurand aprox 2cm diametru, care dispareau in aprox o sapt si nu lasau cicatrice, ci doar o usoara discoloratie a pielii. Urmeaza sa aiba un consult dermatologic pt stabilireaa diagnosticului.
Am mai vazut o fata da 15 ani care avea sore throat de 1 luna si ganglioni cervicali umflati. In timpul consultatiei maica-sa mi-a spus ca ea si tatal fetei sunt HIV positive... si ca fata ar dori sa fie testata pt HIV. Eu i-am facut un test pt mononucleoza (monospot) si i-am zis sa mearga la clinica de infectioase de adulti pt testul de HIV. --> monospot negativ
Foarte interesant a fost si cazul unei fetite de 3 luni cu episoade de plans in timpul noptii, dificil de oprit de catre parinti. Copilul avea cleft palate, care fusese ratat la baby check (cu toate ca era destul de mare) si mai avea si alte malformatii: coloboma, low set ears, gura triunghiulara si clinodactilie (degetul 5) si tinea si mainile in extensie cu wristurile flectate. Am pus diagnosticul posibil de reflux (GORD), dar le-am zis ca ar putea fi parte din sindromul genetic (nu stiau inca exact ce sindrom are).

Monday, 16 March 2009

Funny head

Azi am vazut un sugar de 6 luni cu plagiocephaly. Statea cu capul intors spre dreapta mai tot timpul si ii era destul de greu sa intoarca complet capul catre stanga. Avea si o usoara diferenta in modul cum tinea mainile si apuca obiecte. Prefera sa foloseasca mana dreapta. Cand era pus pe burta nu folosea mana stanga sa se ridice. L-am referred la community paeds pt un developmental assessment.
Am mai vazut un baiat de 14 ani cu mycoplasma pneumonia (avea si astm sever, dar nu in criza) - febra, tuse, crepitatii bilateral si un CXR tipic. L-am inceput pe amoxicilina si claritromicina oral.

Sunday, 15 March 2009

The fifth ...element

Azi am vazut un caz de slapped cheeks disease (aka fifth disease/erythema infectiosum) la un baiat de 6 ani care avea un rash confluent maculopapular intens pe obraji si mai rar pe brate si antebrate. Nu avea nici un alt simptom.

Friday, 13 March 2009

Uitasem... cyanotic spell

Am vazut un caz de "cyanotic spell" in Fallot's Tetralogy saptamana trecuta. Era o fetita de 5 luni care plangea, era cianotica (buzele), saturatii de 30%, cunoscuta cu FT. Facea un lucru interesant - cum statea pe spate, isi ducea singura genunchii la barbie pana cand se termina criza (adik saturatiile cresteau pe la 95%) apoi ii lasa jos si saturatiile scadeau din nou. I-au dat diamorfina intranazal apoi, pt ca nu se terminase criza, propranolol intravenos cu care i-a trecut.
Ce interesant cum descoperise ea singura ca sqattingul ii face bine :-)

Thursday, 12 March 2009

Hypoglycaemia work-up

Asa trebuie sa investigam hipoglicemia la Alder Hey (la pacienti non-diabetici)


Blood sugar <>

PLEASE:

      • FILL ALL ENCLOSED TUBES
      • FILL CIRCLES ON SCREENING CARD
      • PUT ONE ORANGE TUBE ON ICE (AMMONIA)
      • RING LAB TO TELL THEM A HYPOGLYCAEMIA WORK UP IS COMING
      • OBTAIN FIRST VOIDED URINE AFTER PRESENTATION

REQUEST:

      • GLUCOSE, LACTATE
      • INSULIN, CORTISOL, GROWTH HORMONE
      • AMMONIA (ON ICE)
      • KETONES, FREE FATTY ACIDS
      • AMINO ACIDS
      • U & E
      • ACID-BASE (GAS TUBE)
      • CARNITINE, ACYL-CARNITINE (SCREENING CARD)
      • URINE ORGANIC ACIDS (DIP FOR KETONES ALSO)
Mai multe detalii pe www.metbio.net - sau fiserul pdf aici


linkuri interesante

Medical info online:

http://www.cks.library.nhs.uk/ - da click pe dynamed - textbook updatat frecvent cu referinte excelente

http://wales.mapofmedicine.com/

http://www.medscape.com/index/section_1668_0 - cazuri pediatrice

www.medicines.org.uk - informatii detaliate despre medicamente

www.bnf.org.uk - British National Formulary

www.bnfc.org - BNF pediatric

www.doctors.net.uk - comunitate a medicilor cu UK Registration

www.nejm.org - New England Journal of Medicine

www.paediatrics.info - site cu guidelines si MCQ-uri

http://nww.doctoronline.nhs.uk/masterwebsite1Asp/ - information leaflets

http://www.yourchildshealth.nhs.uk/ - paediatric information leaflets

http://www.labtestsonline.org.uk/ - info about lab tests

http://newborns.stanford.edu/PhotoGallery/ - galerie foto pediatrica

http://www.hawaii.edu/medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/ - problem based learning pediatrie

http://www.pediatriceducation.org/ - cazuri de pediatrie

http://www.toxbase.org/

http://www.searchmedica.co.uk/ - cautare medicala

http://www.rcpch.ac.uk/Examinations/MRCPCH-Part-2/Part-2-Structure-and-Specimen-Papers - MRCPCH part 2 specimen papers

http://www.drugs.com/drug_interactions.php - drug-drug and drug-food interactions

http://pediatricradiology.clevelandclinic.org - Pediatric radiology teaching

http://learning.bmj.com - unele module gratuite

http://www.wiganleigh.nhs.uk/Internet/patient_information/Leaflets/intro.asp - patient information leaflets

http://www.clinicalanswers.nhs.uk/index.cfm?cv1=3 - Q&As paeds and others

http://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/cpg.cfm?fuseaction=home.titles - clinical guidelines from The Royal Children's Hospital - Melbourne

http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec19.html - paediatric chapter of Merck online

http://www.elib.scot.nhs.uk/portal/elib/pages/index.aspx - NHS Scotland e-Library

Journals

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/17517222 - Paediatrics and Child Health (formerly known as Current Paediatrics)\

http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/index.jsp - BMJ clinical evidence (use Athens login)

Ce cazuri am mai vazut

Scriu dupa 1 an :-)

Tocmai am terminat o saptamana de nopti in A&E la Alder Hey.. multi pacienti peste noapte, dar incredibil, mai toti simple raceli si gastroenterite. Nu am avut nici urgenta reala. Ma gandeam oricum ca daca vine cineva collapsed sa pun un intraosseous needle, cu toata cu nu vazusem inainte in realitate cum se face.
Ce-am vazut interesant:
- un baiat de 12 ani cu un collapse; incidental am descoperit la el un second degree AV block Mobitz type 1; dupa ce a fost internat s-a descoperit si ca avea hipotiroidism sever, cu toate ca nu avea caracteristici (doar ca era putin obosit si avea BP-ul destul de scazut 70/50)
- un sugar cu sindr Beckwith-Wiedemann; avea limba mare si o cicatrice pe abdomen de la un gastroschizis reparat la nastere (traiesc OK, caracteristicile tind sa dispara dupa copilarie, au o rata crescuta de a face cancer in copilarie - de 600 de ori fata de medie)
- un sugar de 1 an cu cardiomiopatie dilatativa; avea tuse de vreo 4 luni, fusese tratat cu antibiotice de cateva ori de GP, fara succes; de la percentila 50 la nastere greutate, scazuse la sub percentila 2 la 1 an; diagnosticul fusese pus incidental de cineva care se gandise sa-i faca un CXR; acum era pe tratament (furosemid, captopril, digoxin) si avea un rash, probabil secundar tratamentului
- baiat de 13 ani cu mutiple petesii si echimoze pe tot corpul care se simtea bine; am banuit ca e ITP inca de la inceput, iar FBC-ul mi-a confirmat diagnosticul - platelets erau 1 ! L-am admis pt ca asa a zis consultantul, insa eu nu as fi facut asa.

Monday, 10 December 2007

When does a case need to be reviwed by a senior?(either directly or by discussion)

When a child is referred they will either be admitted or sent home
after adequate assessment of their problem. What constitutes
"adequate" assessment cannot be prescribed in advance for all
situations. The most important guarantee that any problem has been
adequately assessed will be the competence of the person doing the
assessment.

When you have assessed a problem you need to reflect on your level of
competence in dealing with the, a) child, b) the family and c) the
medical condition. If you are happy on all 3 counts then you need not
ask the Registrar for advice before making a decision about
admission/discharge. We do not want to have one rule for all
situations but would expect people to practice safely.

Whether an individual SHO is happy to make the decision will differ
depending on how long they have been in this post, whether or not they
have previous paediatric experience (and how much, of what?), how many
similar cases they've dealt with before and how good their clinical
and communication skills are. One SHO will ask them about a problem
where a second one wouldn't. This is what the Registrars themselves
will expect to happen.

At the beginning of a job, even experienced SHOs should at the very
least discuss all cases with the Registrar in order to allow them to
gauge your competence. How long this continues will then decided by
explicit discussion between individual SHOs and Registrars. If the
Registrar wishes to know about all cases, their view supersedes that
of the SHO.

We all have to recognize our levels of competence and practice safely.
If you feel any hesitation about making a decision, you should err
on the side of safety and discuss the child with the Registrar.

Remember that if a child has been referred in by their GP, it is a
courtesy to phone the GP and explain why admission was not necessary.

Consider also that some families have come a considerable distance and
may be exhausted. This would be a consideration for families from
anywhere west of Corwen.

This advice applies equally well to inpatients reviewed by SHOs
because of a change in their condition (either improvement or
deterioration).

Remember that you must always discuss a child with your Registrar if
your assessment is that the child has a serious condition, even if you
are entirely happy with your assessment and further management.

All of what has been said above can be translated to the dilemma of a
Registrar considering whether they need to discuss a child with a
Consultant. Consultants have the same sorts of decisions to make when
they consider whether they need to talk to a tertiary specialist.
Every doctor has to be reflective about their own competence and
practice safely. We hope that this guidance will both support you in
asking for help when you need it, but also practising your skills when
you are more experienced.